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1 indispensable
/,indis'pensəbl/ * tính từ - rất cần thiết, không thể thiếu được =air, food and water are indispensable to life+ không khí, thức ăn và nước lã là những thứ không thể thiếu được đối với cuộc sống - bắt buộc, không thể bỏ qua (luật pháp, trách nhiệm...) * danh từ - người rất cần thiết, vật rất cần thiết -
2 indispensable
indispensable [ɛ̃dispɑ̃sabl]adjective• ces outils/précautions sont indispensables these tools/precautions are essential• il est indispensable que/de it is vital that/to• savoir se rendre indispensable to make o.s. indispensable* * *ɛ̃dispɑ̃sabl
1.
2.
nom masculin* * *ɛ̃dispɑ̃sabl adjindispensable, essential* * *A adj [équipement, employé, activité] essential (à to; pour for); [argent] necessary ( épith), essential ( jamais épith); [aide, élément] essential (à to; pour for), vital (à to; pour for); [précaution] necessary; un objet indispensable à la survie dans le désert an object essential for survival in the desert; être indispensable à qn to be indispensable to sb; se croire indispensable to consider oneself indispensable; se rendre indispensable to make oneself indispensable; c'est indispensable it's essential; il est indispensable de faire it's essential to do; rénover le réseau routier est indispensable it is essential for the road network to be renovated; il est indispensable que qn fasse it is essential for sb to do.B nm l'indispensable essentials (pl); n'emporte que l'indispensable only take the essentials with you; faire l'indispensable to do what is necessary.[ɛ̃dispɑ̃sabl] adjectif[personne] indispensablecette entrevue est-elle vraiment indispensable? is this interview really necessary?, do I really have to go through with this interview?il est indispensable de/que... it's essential to/that...indispensable à tous les sportifs! essential ou a must for all sportsmen!ce document m'est indispensable pour continuer mes recherches this document is absolutely vital ou essential if I am to carry on my research————————[ɛ̃dispɑ̃sabl] nom masculinl'indispensable [le nécessaire] the essentials -
3 indispensabile
1. adj indispensable, essential2. m essentials pl* * *indispensabile agg. indispensable; absolutely necessary; essential: l'aria è indispensabile alla vita, air is indispensable to life; è indispensabile che abbia il vostro permesso, it is essential that I should have your permission; non crederai di essere indispensabile!, you don't think you are indispensable! // (dir.) requisito indispensabile, precondition (o prerequisite)◆ s.m. necessary: l'indispensabile per vivere, the necessities of life; ho portato solo lo stretto indispensabile, I have only brought what is strictly necessary.* * *[indispen'sabile]1. agg(essenziale) essential, indispensable, (necessario) necessaryrendersi indispensabile — to make o.s. indispensable
2. sm* * *[indispen'sabile] 1.aggettivo indispensable (a, per for; per fare for doing); [ingrediente, lettura] essential; [aiuto, servizio] vital, essential2.sostantivo maschilel'indispensabile — essentials pl.
il minimo indispensabile — the bare essentials o necessities o minimum
* * *indispensabile/indispen'sabile/indispensable (a, per for; per fare for doing); [ingrediente, lettura] essential; [aiuto, servizio] vital, essential; requisito indispensabile prerequisitel'indispensabile essentials pl.; il minimo indispensabile the bare essentials o necessities o minimum; fare il minimo indispensabile to do the minimum. -
4 necessario
(pl -ri) 1. adj necessary2. m: il necessario per vivere the basic necessities pl* * *necessario agg. necessary; requisite; ( indispensabile) indispensable: l'aria, il cibo e l'acqua sono necessari alla vita, air, food and water are indispensable to life; articoli necessari, necessary (o requisite) articles; i documenti necessari, the documents required; la somma necessaria per un pagamento, the money needed (o necessary) for a payment; avere il denaro necessario, to have enough money; dammi il tempo necessario per arrivare, allow me the time I need to arrive; la nuova sede è ormai diventata necessaria, the new head office has become a necessity; è necessario che egli ritorni, he must come back (o it is necessary for him to come back); è necessario che io lo veda, I must see him (o it is necessary for me to see him); è necessario che tu lo segua, you must follow him (o it is necessary for you to follow him); è necessario molto tempo per imparare bene una lingua straniera, it takes a long time to learn a foreign language well; non è necessario che tu venga, you need not come; la sola cosa necessaria è che..., the essential thing is that...; il suo arrivo rende necessario che io me ne vada, his arrival means that I must go; l'emergenza lo rende necessario, the emergency makes it necessary; rendersi necessario a qlcu., to make oneself indispensable to s.o.; ritenere necessario qlco., to consider sthg. (o to deem sthg.) necessary // (dir.) erede necessario, heir at law◆ s.m.1 ( ciò che è indispensabile) necessities (pl.), necessaries (pl.), essentials (pl.): il puro, lo stretto necessario, the bare necessities; il necessario alla vita, the necessities (o the necessaries) of life; essere privo del necessario per vivere, to be without the necessities of life (o to lack the essentials to live)2 ( cosa necessaria) (what is) necessary: farò tutto il necessario, I shall do all that is necessary (o everything necessary); non voglio fare più del necessario, I don't want to do more than is necessary; suo padre gli fornirà il necessario, his father will provide him with what he needs.* * *[netʃes'sarjo] necessario -ria, -ri, -rie1. agg(gen) necessary, (persona) indispensableè necessario che tu vada — you will have to go, you must go
è necessario far presto — we've got to hurry, it is necessary for you to go
non ho avuto il tempo necessario — I didn't have enough o sufficient time
se necessario — if need be, if necessary
rendersi necessario — (persona) to make o.s. indispensable
si rende necessario partire — it has become necessary for me (o you ecc) to leave
2. smlavorare/preoccuparsi più del necessario — to work/worry more than is necessary o more than one has to
* * *1.2.più del necessario o di quanto (non) sia necessario more than is necessary; se (è) necessario if necessary; è necessario che tu (ci) vada it is necessary for you to go, you have to go; non è necessario che tu (ci) vada you don't have to go, there's no need for you to go, it isn't necessary for you to go; non era necessario che mi sbrigassi I needn't have hurried; i voti -ri per... — the votes needed (in order) to
sostantivo maschile1) (ciò che si impone) (what is) necessary, what is neededfare il necessario — to do what is necessary, to do the necessary
2) (beni, mezzi) essentials pl.il necessario per vivere — the necessities of life, the bare essentials
3) (materiale) materials pl.* * *necessariopl. -ri, - rie /net∫es'sarjo, ri, rje/necessary (a, per for); è necessario fare it is necessary to do; trovare necessario fare to find it necessary to do; più del necessario o di quanto (non) sia necessario more than is necessary; se (è) necessario if necessary; è necessario che tu (ci) vada it is necessary for you to go, you have to go; non è necessario che tu (ci) vada you don't have to go, there's no need for you to go, it isn't necessary for you to go; non era necessario che mi sbrigassi I needn't have hurried; i voti -ri per... the votes needed (in order) to...1 (ciò che si impone) (what is) necessary, what is needed; fare il necessario to do what is necessary, to do the necessary2 (beni, mezzi) essentials pl.; il necessario per vivere the necessities of life, the bare essentials3 (materiale) materials pl.; il necessario per scrivere writing materials. -
5 Cognitive Science
The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense.... [P]eople and intelligent computers turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)2) Experimental Psychology, Theoretical Linguistics, and Computational Simulation of Cognitive Processes Are All Components of Cognitive ScienceI went away from the Symposium with a strong conviction, more intuitive than rational, that human experimental psychology, theoretical linguistics, and computer simulation of cognitive processes were all pieces of a larger whole, and that the future would see progressive elaboration and coordination of their shared concerns.... I have been working toward a cognitive science for about twenty years beginning before I knew what to call it. (G. A. Miller, 1979, p. 9)Cognitive Science studies the nature of cognition in human beings, other animals, and inanimate machines (if such a thing is possible). While computers are helpful within cognitive science, they are not essential to its being. A science of cognition could still be pursued even without these machines.Computer Science studies various kinds of problems and the use of computers to solve them, without concern for the means by which we humans might otherwise resolve them. There could be no computer science if there were no machines of this kind, because they are indispensable to its being. Artificial Intelligence is a special branch of computer science that investigates the extent to which the mental powers of human beings can be captured by means of machines.There could be cognitive science without artificial intelligence but there could be no artificial intelligence without cognitive science. One final caveat: In the case of an emerging new discipline such as cognitive science there is an almost irresistible temptation to identify the discipline itself (as a field of inquiry) with one of the theories that inspired it (such as the computational conception...). This, however, is a mistake. The field of inquiry (or "domain") stands to specific theories as questions stand to possible answers. The computational conception should properly be viewed as a research program in cognitive science, where "research programs" are answers that continue to attract followers. (Fetzer, 1996, pp. xvi-xvii)What is the nature of knowledge and how is this knowledge used? These questions lie at the core of both psychology and artificial intelligence.The psychologist who studies "knowledge systems" wants to know how concepts are structured in the human mind, how such concepts develop, and how they are used in understanding and behavior. The artificial intelligence researcher wants to know how to program a computer so that it can understand and interact with the outside world. The two orientations intersect when the psychologist and the computer scientist agree that the best way to approach the problem of building an intelligent machine is to emulate the human conceptual mechanisms that deal with language.... The name "cognitive science" has been used to refer to this convergence of interests in psychology and artificial intelligence....This working partnership in "cognitive science" does not mean that psychologists and computer scientists are developing a single comprehensive theory in which people are no different from machines. Psychology and artificial intelligence have many points of difference in methods and goals.... We simply want to work on an important area of overlapping interest, namely a theory of knowledge systems. As it turns out, this overlap is substantial. For both people and machines, each in their own way, there is a serious problem in common of making sense out of what they hear, see, or are told about the world. The conceptual apparatus necessary to perform even a partial feat of understanding is formidable and fascinating. (Schank & Abelson, 1977, pp. 1-2)Within the last dozen years a general change in scientific outlook has occurred, consonant with the point of view represented here. One can date the change roughly from 1956: in psychology, by the appearance of Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin's Study of Thinking and George Miller's "The Magical Number Seven"; in linguistics, by Noam Chomsky's "Three Models of Language"; and in computer science, by our own paper on the Logic Theory Machine. (Newell & Simon, 1972, p. 4)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Cognitive Science
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6 НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
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[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Assemblies mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc (passive protection)
The switchboards which take constructional precautions suitable to the containment of the arc and to the successive outlet of the exhausted gases belong to this type of assemblies.
Two are the peculiar characteristics of these types of switchgear:
• reinforced mechanical frame able to withstand the stresses (overpressures) caused by internal arcing;
• creation inside the assembly of a preferential path for the discharge of the hot gases generated by arcing.
Both characteristics are indispensable to satisfy the safety requirements for the operator and the installation established by the Document IEC 61641.
As a consequence, the manufacturers take design measures to prevent the accidental opening of the doors (or their perforation) due to the pressure wave generated by the arc.
Besides, also the instruments which can be positioned on the doors must be able to withstand an overpressure of about 1bar (=1kg/cm2) without being ejected and projected outside the switchboard.
The thermal consequences of arcing (exhausted gases at high temperature) are then limited by designing the inside of the switchgear so that the outlet of gases takes place in the top part (over 2 m) and not at lower heights which might be potentially dangerous for the operator.
It is evident that each opening of significant dimensions on the doors might constitute a vent for the gases and result dangerous for the operator; therefore such openings are usually avoided in this type of switchgear.
[ABB]НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги (пассивная защита)
К данному типу НКУ относятся такие устройства, конструкция которых предусматривает противостояние механическому воздействию электрической дуги и обеспечивает выхлоп образующихся газов.
В НКУ указанного типа используются два специальных конструктивных решения:
• усиленный каркас, способный противостоять нагрузке (избыточному давлению) возникающему при воздействии электрической дуги внутри НКУ;
• установленный внутри НКУ периферийный канала для выпуска горячих газов, образующихся в процессе горения дуги.
Согласно документу МЭК 61641 для удовлетворения требований безопасности оператора и электроустановки наличие обоих конструктивных решений является обязательным условием.
В результате изготовители используют конструктивные решения, направленные на предотвращение случайного открытия дверей (или их отверстий) при возникновении волны избыточного давления создаваемого электрической дугой.
Кроме того, приборы, размещаемые на дверях должны выдерживать избыточное давление, равное приблизительно 1 бар (1 кг/см2) и оставаться при этом на своих местах (не выдвигаться из комплектного устройства наружу).
Газы, возникающие при горении дуги, имеют высокую температуру.
Конструкция НКУ должна обеспечивать выход газов в верхней части (на высоте более 2 м) и не допускать выход газа в нижней части, поскольку это опасно для оператора.
Совершенно очевидно, что каждое достаточно большое отверстие в дверях шкафа может пропускать газы, и это опасно для оператора.
Поэтому, в НКУ рассматриваемого типа такие отверстия обычно отсутствуют.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
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7 assembly mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc
- НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги
-
[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Assemblies mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc (passive protection)
The switchboards which take constructional precautions suitable to the containment of the arc and to the successive outlet of the exhausted gases belong to this type of assemblies.
Two are the peculiar characteristics of these types of switchgear:
• reinforced mechanical frame able to withstand the stresses (overpressures) caused by internal arcing;
• creation inside the assembly of a preferential path for the discharge of the hot gases generated by arcing.
Both characteristics are indispensable to satisfy the safety requirements for the operator and the installation established by the Document IEC 61641.
As a consequence, the manufacturers take design measures to prevent the accidental opening of the doors (or their perforation) due to the pressure wave generated by the arc.
Besides, also the instruments which can be positioned on the doors must be able to withstand an overpressure of about 1bar (=1kg/cm2) without being ejected and projected outside the switchboard.
The thermal consequences of arcing (exhausted gases at high temperature) are then limited by designing the inside of the switchgear so that the outlet of gases takes place in the top part (over 2 m) and not at lower heights which might be potentially dangerous for the operator.
It is evident that each opening of significant dimensions on the doors might constitute a vent for the gases and result dangerous for the operator; therefore such openings are usually avoided in this type of switchgear.
[ABB]НКУ, стойкие к механическому воздействию электрической дуги (пассивная защита)
К данному типу НКУ относятся такие устройства, конструкция которых предусматривает противостояние механическому воздействию электрической дуги и обеспечивает выхлоп образующихся газов.
В НКУ указанного типа используются два специальных конструктивных решения:
• усиленный каркас, способный противостоять нагрузке (избыточному давлению) возникающему при воздействии электрической дуги внутри НКУ;
• установленный внутри НКУ периферийный канала для выпуска горячих газов, образующихся в процессе горения дуги.
Согласно документу МЭК 61641 для удовлетворения требований безопасности оператора и электроустановки наличие обоих конструктивных решений является обязательным условием.
В результате изготовители используют конструктивные решения, направленные на предотвращение случайного открытия дверей (или их отверстий) при возникновении волны избыточного давления создаваемого электрической дугой.
Кроме того, приборы, размещаемые на дверях должны выдерживать избыточное давление, равное приблизительно 1 бар (1 кг/см2) и оставаться при этом на своих местах (не выдвигаться из комплектного устройства наружу).
Газы, возникающие при горении дуги, имеют высокую температуру.
Конструкция НКУ должна обеспечивать выход газов в верхней части (на высоте более 2 м) и не допускать выход газа в нижней части, поскольку это опасно для оператора.
Совершенно очевидно, что каждое достаточно большое отверстие в дверях шкафа может пропускать газы, и это опасно для оператора.
Поэтому, в НКУ рассматриваемого типа такие отверстия обычно отсутствуют.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > assembly mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc
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8 совершенно необходим
•Thin sections are a prime necessity in the study of...
•The equations of general relativity are indispensable to a detailed analysis of...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > совершенно необходим
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9 ריבוע
רִיבּוּעַ, רִבּ׳m. (רָבַע) a square. Zeb.62a … קרן … ור׳ מעכבין the horn, the ascent, the foundation, and the square shape are indispensable conditions for the altar. Ib. 108b; a. fr.ר׳ עולם the cardinal points of the world. Tosef.Erub.VI (V), 3; Erub.56a בא לרבעה מרבעה בר׳ ע׳וכ׳ when you square a town (for Sabbath limits, v. רָבַע), you must square it in accordance with the cardinal points, and the marks are Charless Wain in the north Ib. אם אינו … בר׳וכ׳ if you do not know how to square it in accordance with the cardinal points ; a. e. -
10 רב׳
רִיבּוּעַ, רִבּ׳m. (רָבַע) a square. Zeb.62a … קרן … ור׳ מעכבין the horn, the ascent, the foundation, and the square shape are indispensable conditions for the altar. Ib. 108b; a. fr.ר׳ עולם the cardinal points of the world. Tosef.Erub.VI (V), 3; Erub.56a בא לרבעה מרבעה בר׳ ע׳וכ׳ when you square a town (for Sabbath limits, v. רָבַע), you must square it in accordance with the cardinal points, and the marks are Charless Wain in the north Ib. אם אינו … בר׳וכ׳ if you do not know how to square it in accordance with the cardinal points ; a. e. -
11 רִיבּוּעַ
רִיבּוּעַ, רִבּ׳m. (רָבַע) a square. Zeb.62a … קרן … ור׳ מעכבין the horn, the ascent, the foundation, and the square shape are indispensable conditions for the altar. Ib. 108b; a. fr.ר׳ עולם the cardinal points of the world. Tosef.Erub.VI (V), 3; Erub.56a בא לרבעה מרבעה בר׳ ע׳וכ׳ when you square a town (for Sabbath limits, v. רָבַע), you must square it in accordance with the cardinal points, and the marks are Charless Wain in the north Ib. אם אינו … בר׳וכ׳ if you do not know how to square it in accordance with the cardinal points ; a. e. -
12 רִבּ׳
רִיבּוּעַ, רִבּ׳m. (רָבַע) a square. Zeb.62a … קרן … ור׳ מעכבין the horn, the ascent, the foundation, and the square shape are indispensable conditions for the altar. Ib. 108b; a. fr.ר׳ עולם the cardinal points of the world. Tosef.Erub.VI (V), 3; Erub.56a בא לרבעה מרבעה בר׳ ע׳וכ׳ when you square a town (for Sabbath limits, v. רָבַע), you must square it in accordance with the cardinal points, and the marks are Charless Wain in the north Ib. אם אינו … בר׳וכ׳ if you do not know how to square it in accordance with the cardinal points ; a. e. -
13 закрытое помещение
•The vehicle may have a body ( an enclosed compartment for people or commodities).
•Architectural acoustics is the science of planning and building an enclosure (дальше приравнивается к room) to ensure the most advantageous flow of properly diffused sound to all listeners.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > закрытое помещение
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14 Erste-Hilfe-Kasten
■ Box mit Material und Utensilien für die Erstversorgung auf dem Spielfeld, die griffbereit sein muss, falls sich ein Spieler oder Schiedsrichter verletzt.■ Box containing a very comprehensive range of items which are indispensable for emergency treatment of an injured player or referee. -
15 Verbandkasten
■ Box mit Material und Utensilien für die Erstversorgung auf dem Spielfeld, die griffbereit sein muss, falls sich ein Spieler oder Schiedsrichter verletzt.■ Box containing a very comprehensive range of items which are indispensable for emergency treatment of an injured player or referee. -
16 first aid case
■ Box containing a very comprehensive range of items which are indispensable for emergency treatment of an injured player or referee.■ Box mit Material und Utensilien für die Erstversorgung auf dem Spielfeld, die griffbereit sein muss, falls sich ein Spieler oder Schiedsrichter verletzt. -
17 first aid kit
■ Box containing a very comprehensive range of items which are indispensable for emergency treatment of an injured player or referee.■ Box mit Material und Utensilien für die Erstversorgung auf dem Spielfeld, die griffbereit sein muss, falls sich ein Spieler oder Schiedsrichter verletzt. -
18 medical bag
■ Box containing a very comprehensive range of items which are indispensable for emergency treatment of an injured player or referee.■ Box mit Material und Utensilien für die Erstversorgung auf dem Spielfeld, die griffbereit sein muss, falls sich ein Spieler oder Schiedsrichter verletzt. -
19 sponge bag
■ Box containing a very comprehensive range of items which are indispensable for emergency treatment of an injured player or referee.■ Box mit Material und Utensilien für die Erstversorgung auf dem Spielfeld, die griffbereit sein muss, falls sich ein Spieler oder Schiedsrichter verletzt. -
20 закрытое помещение
•The vehicle may have a body ( an enclosed compartment for people or commodities).
•Architectural acoustics is the science of planning and building an enclosure (дальше приравнивается к room) to ensure the most advantageous flow of properly diffused sound to all listeners.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > закрытое помещение
См. также в других словарях:
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education — /ej oo kay sheuhn/, n. 1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. 2. the act or process of… … Universalium
Hilary Putnam — Infobox Philosopher region = Western Philosophy era = 20th century philosophy color = #B0C4DE name = Hilary Whitehall Putnam birth = July 31, 1926 flagicon|USA|size=20px Chicago, Illinois school tradition = Analytic main interests = Philosophy of … Wikipedia
Vietnamese cuisine — Bún Bò Huế Vietnamese cuisine is a style of cooking derived from Vietnam. Fish sauce, soy sauce, rice, fresh herbs, fruits and vegetables are commonly used. Vietnamese recipes utilize a diverse range of herbs, including lemongrass, mint,… … Wikipedia
Philosophy of mathematics — The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the philosophical assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics. The aim of the philosophy of mathematics is to provide an account of the nature and methodology of … Wikipedia
Laborem Exercens — was an encyclical written by Pope John Paul II in 1981, on human work. It is part of a larger body of writings known as Catholic social teaching, that trace their origin to Rerum Novarum which was issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891.External links*… … Wikipedia
Kant: Critique of Judgement — Patrick Gardiner Kant’s third Critique, the Critique of Judgement, was published in 1790 and was intended as he himself put it to bring his “entire critical undertaking to a close.” So conceived, it was certainly in part designed to build upon… … History of philosophy
